不同施肥模式对玉米各器官碳氮累积和分配的影响

以长期定位试验为依托,选取:1)不施肥(CK);2)农民习惯施肥(FP);3)推荐施肥(OP);4)有机肥氮替代100%化肥氮(OM);5)有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮(MF)5个处理,研究不同施肥模式对玉米植株及各器官碳氮含量、碳氮分配比例及C/N的影响,为西南紫色土地区合理施肥、作物增产提供科学依据。结果表明,与FP处理相比,MF处理显著增加了玉米植株生物量,达26.2%。相比OM和OP处理,MF处理显著增加玉米苞叶和根茬中碳浓度,分别增加5.4、4.2 g·kg^-1和7.4、21.3 g·kg^-1,同时增加玉米苞叶、根茬、穗轴和籽粒中的碳储量,玉米茎秆和籽粒中的氮储量也有增加。此外,相比FP处理,MF处理能显著增加玉米整株的碳储量和氮储量,达29.1%和16.9%。等氮水平下,MF、OP处理均能增加玉米苞叶和籽粒中碳同化物的分配比例,MF处理玉米籽粒中氮素的分配比例较OP和OM处理分别增加1.7%和3.6%,同时MF处理能使玉米维持较高的C/N。综上,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能增加玉米植株的生物量,同时提高玉米对氮素的吸收和碳素的累积,增加玉米籽粒中碳同化物和氮素的分配比例,同时,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能使玉米植株维持较高的C/N,有利于产量的形成,该施肥方式不仅能够促进氮素的高效利用,减少化肥的投入,还能够减少化肥损失,降低氮素损失引发的环境风险。     

家蚕胚胎滞育的生理生化研究概述

在蛹期由咽下神经节合成和分泌的大量滞育激素(dH)作用于卵巢,引起系列生理生化变化,主要包括H2O2水平降低、山梨醇积累、葡萄糖减少、呼吸耗氧量下降等,最终导致家蚕胚胎进入滞育。本文综述了家蚕胚胎滞育的生理生化研究概况,以期为家蚕胚胎滞育机理研究提供借鉴和参考。     

用抗虫体表膜抗原抗体测定犬细粒棘球绦虫粪抗原

利用Echinococcus granulosus(Eg)成虫表膜抗原抗体夹心ELISA方法检测犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的粪抗原.首先提取Eg成虫表膜抗原,制备抗Eg成虫表膜抗原的血清,然后用间接ELISA和Western blotting方法检测其抗原抗体反应及免疫原性,用间接免疫组化方法对Eg成虫表膜蛋白进行组织定位.利...     

青海湖高寒沙区引进辽西樟子松治沙研究

通过引进东北辽西科尔沁沙地樟子松在青海湖斜麻沙区进行栽植试验,结果表明,引进的樟子松当年主顶芽平均生长高度达10.13 cm,侧顶芽生长高度平均达5.14 cm,平均顶芽生长达7.64 cm,苗木整体生长良好,当年成活率达到93%;经过长达6个多月寒冬,越冬成活率达80%,返青良好。     

滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

为探明华北地区山前平原水肥一体化条件下小麦合理的氮肥运筹。于2013-2015年2个小麦生长季,设置4个滴灌施氮量(N0-不施氮、N1-120 kg/hm~2、N2-240 kg/hm~2、N3-360 kg/hm~2)处理,研究滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收积累和土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:施氮量N1、N2和N3处理的小麦干质量及产量较处理N0显著增加,N1、N2和N3处理间无显著差异;施氮量对小麦茎秆的氮含量影响较大,但对籽粒氮含量的影响差异不显著;处理N3的小麦总吸氮量分别显著高于处理N0、N1和N2,但处理N1和N2之间无显著差异;氮肥收获指数以N2处理最高,氮肥当季回收利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生产效率和氮肥利用效率均表现出随施氮量增加而降低的趋势;施氮量超过240 kg/hm~2,土壤硝态氮含量增加,且随种植年限的延长更加明显。采用一元二次方程拟合,获得小麦最高产量的施氮量为238.46~250.78 kg/hm~2,经济施氮量为174.28~207.18 kg/hm~2。综合考虑经济效益和生态效益,该条件下小麦滴灌经济施氮量以174~207 kg/hm~2为宜。     

外源氮添加对湿地土壤N_2O排放量的影响

为搞清湿地土壤驱动N2O排放的关键氮源类型,有效减少湿地N2O的排放,本文通过室内控制温湿度,用气相色谱法分析不同外源氮素对湿地N2O排放的影响。结果表明:外加氮源组总是高于对照组N2O排放量(4.4 mg·m-3)。在设定的剂量范围内,单独添加尿素或尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合时N2O排放量呈现先增后减的单峰分布趋势,峰值分别为10.6 mg·m-3和229.0 mg·m-3;单独添加硝酸铵时N2O排放量(32.6~111.0 mg·m-3)随着氮素添加量增加呈现持续上升趋势。单独添加尿素或硝酸铵、尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合均促进N2O的排放,但硝酸铵尿素混合添加对N2O排放量的贡献单独添加硝酸铵单独添加尿素。这为预测内蒙古高原区农牧交错带湿地氮素输入可能带来的温室效应和有效减排提供科学依据。     

低氮胁迫对谷子苗期性状的影响和耐低氮品种的筛选

筛选和培育耐低氮能力强的作物品种,是提高作物氮素利用效率,减少氮肥施用量,降低环境污染的有效措施。本研究以45份谷子品种为试材,采用水培的方法,在低氮(0.1mmol·L~(-1))和正常氮(5mmol·L~(-1))条件下,测定苗高、根长和根数等22个氮效率相关指标,采用综合耐低氮系数法以及基于主成分分析的隶属函数法评价参试谷子品种的耐低氮性。结果表明,与正常氮条件相比,低氮胁迫下,谷子苗期根长、根冠比、地上部氮素生理效率、地下部氮素生理效率、单株氮素生理效率有不同程度提高,其余17个指标都有不同程度降低。两种评价方法均根据45个谷子品种的耐低氮能力将其划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出耐低氮性较强的品种5份,编号分别为11、14、17、35和39。利用GGE双标图对品种-耐低氮相关指标的分析表明,编号39和14的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根长;编号为11、35和17的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地上部鲜重、叶片数、叶宽、叶长、单株氮累积量、地上部氮累积量、单株干质量、地上部干重、地下部氮累积量、根数、苗高和SPAD。可见不同谷子品种的耐低氮机制存在一定差异,研究结果可为谷子耐低氮品种的选育提供材料基础。     

Cloning of Buffalo BMP1 Gene and its Expression Pattern Investigation in Different Tissues

Buffalo BMP1 gene was cloned in the present study, the BMP1 sequence was systemically analysed by bioinformatics techniques, and the expression level of BMP1 gene in different tissues were also assayed with Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR).The results showed that with RT-PCR a 3 195 bp buffalo BMP1 gene was cloned and sequenced, including the whole ORF of 2 967 bp (coding 988 amino acid).The sequence multialigned results showed that buffalo BMP1 gene shared 99%, 96%, 96%, 96% and 95% of similar amino acid sequence with Bos taurus, Sus scrofa, Equus, Homa sapiens and Mus musclus, respectively.It was predicted that buffalo BMP1 protein contained a signal peptide domain, a preregion, a metalloproteinases domain, five complement-Uegf-BMP-1 domain (CUB domain) and two epitheloid growth factor-like domain (EGF-like domain).In addition, we also analyzed the expression level in different tissues through QRT-PCR, the results showed that BMP1 gene mRNA existed in all nine tissues with the most abundant expression in heart, followed by testis, ovary, genital ridge, while with lower amount of bone and other tissues, the minimal expression in liver was observed.     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

甘肃省农村信息化发展水平探讨

农村信息化是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,是解决"三农"问题的突破口。对于欠发达的甘肃农村经济,近年来虽然取得很大进步,但总体水平还不高,与发达地区的差距还很明显。在客观数据的基础上,基于因子分析方法建立了综合评价农村信息化水平的模型,直观的比较了各省市的农村信息化水平,认为信息资源的利用情况和信息基础设施建设的差异是评价农村信息化水平的决定因素,提高农村信息化水平必须从这两方面着手,切实可行的推进甘肃农村信息化的发展。